Publications

• Knode, J.L., Carter, T.M., Wolfe, S.E. Beyond identification: A problem-oriented approach to diagnosing racial disparities in policing. Journal of Quantitative Criminology. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10940-025-09618-6
• Knode, J.L., Carter, T.M., Wolfe, S.E. Driving while broke: The role of class signals in police discretion. Justice Quarterly, 42(3), 396-425. https://doi.org/10.1080/07418825.2024.2398543

• Knode, J.L., Wolfe, S.E., Carter, T.M. Pulling back the veil of darkness: A proposed roadmap to disentangle racial disparities in traffic stops. Criminology, 62(2), 364-375. https://doi.org/10.1111/1745-9125.12366
• Carter, T.M., Wolfe, S.E., Knode, J.L., Henry, G. Attempting to reduce traffic stop racial disparities: An experimental evaluation of an internal dashboard intervention. Criminology & Public Policy, 23(3), 543-568. https://doi.org/10.1111/1745-9133.12664